Rule 2 / Case 7

Always Dress For The Water Temperature

Nine U.S. Marines March 6th, 1968, Potomac River, Quantico, Virginia ​ It was 4 p.m. on a Wednesday afternoon. The air temperature was in the 40’s (5-9C), and a light breeze created small ripples on the surface of the water. Nine U.S. Marines, dressed in sweat suits and paddling a 25-foot canvas covered “war canoe” with a 4-foot beam, were nearing the end of a two-mile crossing of the Potomac River, 25 miles south of Washington, D.C., when they suddenly capsized approximately 100 yards from shore.

Excellent Swimmers

The Marines were all excellent swimmers, part of an elite group that had trained for two months as close-combat, physical-fitness, and water-survival instructors at the nearby Marine Corps Physical Fitness Academy. They were a tough bunch, and their group leader had taught water-survival for five years.

No one was wearing a PFD when the canoe turned over, but it was equipped with seat-cushion-type life preservers - one for every man on board. Why they capsized, and whether they attempted to right and reenter the canoe will never be known, because despite a valiant attempt to swim to safety, every single one of them drowned. The water temperature was 36 degrees (2C).

Lesson Learned No matter how strong, fit, determined or motivated you are, sudden immersion in cold water is a life-threatening event. Furthermore, no matter how well you can swim, cold shock induced swimming failure can make it impossible for you to make progress in the water. No matter how strong or physically fit you are, when your muscles get cold enough, they simply stop working.

Major Contributing Factors

• No PFD (Lifejacket)

• Not Dressed For Water Temperature

• Unable To Recover From Capsize

• Unable to Call For Help

• Unaware of Hazards

• Being Complacent / Overconfident

• Paddling Solo